Optimal Oil Production And The World Supply Of Oil

Question: Describe about How Low Oil Prices Affect The Ad And As of an Economy? Answer: Introduction: A vital energy source for the world is oil. It continues to be important from the time immemorial. Oil affects the entire functioning of the economy. Everything depends on the availability of petroleum. Petroleum is rock oil. This is formed by organic matters that are present deep inside the surface of the earth. The development of petroleum significantly affects the producers and the consumers alike. Statistics has shown that oil provided about 34 percentages of the global oil needs. It is expected that in future the oil demand would increase to a massive extent. It has been projected by the International Energy Agency that oil would provide the 30 percentages of the energy demands by the year 2030. Saudi Arabia holds huge reserves of oil (Aleksandrov, Espinoza and Gyurko , 2012). About 18 percentages of the world oil are possessed by Saudi Arabia. It ranks among the largest exporters of oil in the country. The countrys 50 percentages of GDP is accounted from the oil and gas indu stry. It also holds other resources like the gold, iron ore copper, and natural gas. Factors that lead to the determination of oil prices: The oil prices are governed by some factors they are basically how the global market performs and the demand and supply that occurs in the world market. It is seen that the following factors are very crucial to the oil price determination: 1. The economy of China: China is seen as a large consumer of oil after the United States. Due to this increase there is a question as to how much increase is likely in the coming years. It is expected that Chine would increase its consumption of oil by more the 3 million barrels in coming 2020. There was a slight fall in the growth in the first quarter but the Chinas economy will continue to affect the oil prices in 2015 (Asia Dept, 2013). 2. The Elasticity of Demand: The countries that have regulated prices of oil have low prices in the retail market. The countries like Indonesia are no longer offering any subsidies on petroleum products and, as a result, this will be considered as a disadvantage for the consumers. The gasoline prices of the United States are below 2.4 dollars per gallon. This has led to more gas consumption (Farndon, 2012). With low prices of oil, there could be higher demand of the product that as a result would send the process up high. 3. OPECs Move: The credit to the low oil prices can be given to the body of OPEC. Saudi Arabia has taken a stand to cut no more the quotas of production. The oil price has crushed by the meeting by the cartel in November 2014 (Fund, 2011). 4. Geopolitical difference: The political unrest in the Iraq and Syria has caused the global prices of oil to shot up (Haerens, 2010). Libya violences during the year 2014 had blocked the exports of oil. The geo-political crisis plays a very important role in the effect the prices of for a short interval. Global low oil price and its effects: A low price has both advantages and disadvantages to it. With low oil prices, the importing country can enjoy increased consumption of oil. The overall prices in the economy are also lowered with fall in oil prices (Jain and Ghosh, 2013). This eventually lowers the inflation also. This has a very short term effect. As the resources like oil that is limited in supply may result in shortage due to increased consumption. On the other hand, the oil exporting country is at the loss (Moosa, 2015). Much of the resources are utilized for the exploration and drilling and the owners they dont get the proper price so that they can continue to be in business. The people engaged in the oil industry also face threat to their jobs because many oil industries face a shutdown. The unemployment rate in the economy is also seen to increase. Effect Of Low Oil Price On The Saudi Arabian Economy: Saudi Arabia as the largest exporting and producing countries: Saudi Arabia is the largest states in the Arab in the Western Asia when compared to the area of land size. It occupies the large part of the Arabian Peninsula. It is the only nation that is bordered by the Red Sea as well as the Persian Gulf (Nakaya, 2006). It has a huge carbon reserve making it a tore House of oil reserves. The command economy of Saudi Arabia is petroleum based. The oil reserves of Saudi Arabia accounts for about 260 billion barrels. This means that the country holds about one-fifth of the total oil reserves of the world. During the 1990s, the oil revenues of Saudi Arabia fell and to top the growth of population was also very high. The per capita income also fell to a remarkable level. Saudi Arabia is among the OPEC members. The OPEC has limited its members based on the production of their proven reserves (Once again the global recovery is threatened by rising oil prices, 2012). Current Trend of the Saudi Arabian Oil Market: The following chart shows the trend in the crude oil production for the year 2015 from the month of January to June. Saudi Arabia Crude Oil Production Months Jan, 2015 February,2015 March, 2015 April,2015 May, 2015 June, 2015 Crude Oil Production: 9680 9636 10294 10308 10333 10564 The above bar diagram shows that how the production of crude oil has increased in the country Saudi Arabia from January, 2015 to June, 2015 the crude oil production was low in the month of January and February with about 9680 and 9636 billion barrels respectively. Low Oil Price and its Effect in the Saudi Arabia Economy: Saudi Arabia is one of the influential members of the OPEC. With the global oil prices falling, the only thing that it can do is to cut back on its production as much as possible. This sign, on the other hand, is not revealed by the countrys oil owners. This could be due to two reasons to introduce discipline in the members of the OPEC or to pressurize the United States shale oil and gas industry. The country needs oil prices to be around 85 dollars in the long term. Due to its large reserve funds it was able to stand the low prices (Saudi Arabia may be about to revive stalled gas programme, 2006). The production of oil began to pose a challenge to the United States oil production. Due to large reserves of foreign exchanges by the country the country would be able to survive the low oil prices. The Saudi Arabias long interest rate may serve as a way for the cheaper oil prices. Public spending has raised less as compared to the rise in the foreign reserves (Speight, 2013). The assets were quantifies 2.8 trillion riyals in August 2014. The reason for the country to survive the oil prices was the saving that it incurred when the barrel cost was just 100 dollars. In this economy, it is very difficult to cut on the government schemes and spending. The low oil prices will lead to affecting the social and economic chaos in the Gulf countries that would have a ripple effect on the economy of Saudi Arabia. To cut on the public expenditure is very difficult for the economy. The main strategy of the country is to maintain the market share and sacrifice on the price to put pressure on the United States, who are increasing their production of sales (Survey: Saudi Arabia: outlook for the oil industry, 2011). Effects of low global prices of oil on the aggregate demand and aggregate supply of oil in the Saudi Arabia Economy Diagrammatic View. Oil prices play a major role in influencing the overall prices in any economy. Reduced oil prices have led to the availability of cheaper goods in the economy. We see the effect of AD and AS due to the low global oil prices in the Saudi Arabia economy. By aggregate demand, we mean the total of all the demand in the economy at a given point of time. While, aggregate supply means the total of the supply of goods and services in the economy. The aggregate supply curve in the short run is upward rising while the aggregate demand curve is downward sloping. The figure shows that the economy is at equilibrium A initially. The AD1 shows the aggregate demand while AS1 shows the aggregate supply curve. Due to the fall in global oil prices the aggregate supply curve shifts from AS1 to AS2 downward. Correspondingly the level of prices falls from P1 to P2. The aggregate demand curve is also seen to fall. This leads to the fall in the AD1 to AD2. The output as a result increases for the economy. With the lowering of the prices in the global market the Saudi Arabia economy would not face a negative impact. Conclusion: The abrupt fall in the oil prices will be beneficial for the countries that are into importing and would affect drastically the exporting countries. As Saudi Arabia country is into exporting of oil and much of the countrys GDP also depends on it so a low global oil prices would affect the economy in the long run scenario. The initial low oil prices may be beneficial for the country but it would show its gruesome face at a later point of time. References Aleksandrov, N., Espinoza, R. and Gyurko , L. (2012).Optimal oil production and the world supply of oil. [Washington, D.C.]: International Monetary Fund. Asia Dept, I. (2013).Saudi Arabia. Washington: International Monetary Fund. Farndon, J. (2012).Oil. New York: DK Pub. Fund, I. (2011).Will Natural Gas Prices Decouple from Oil Prices across the Pond?. Washington: International Monetary Fund. Haerens, M. (2010).Oil. Farmington Hills, Mich.: Greenhaven Press/Gale, Cengage Learning. Jain, A. and Ghosh, S. (2013). Dynamics of global oil prices, exchange rate and precious metal prices in India.Resources Policy, 38(1), pp.88-93. Moosa, I. (2015). The effect of oil prices on stock prices: a structural time series approach.International Journal of Global Energy Issues, 38(4/5/6), p.232. Nakaya, A. (2006).Oil. Detroit .: Greenhaven Press. Once again the global recovery is threatened by rising oil prices. (2012).Economic Outlook, 36(2), pp.12-19. Saudi Arabia may be about to revive stalled gas programme. (2006).Oil and Energy Trends, 31(6), pp.7-8. Speight, J. (2013).Heavy oil production processes. Burlington: Elsevier Science. Survey: Saudi Arabia: outlook for the oil industry. (2011).Oil and Energy Trends, 36(11), pp.10-16.

History Level Essay Sample

History Level Essay SampleThe history level of an essay is often the first thing that students are told to focus on when they first begin taking English and History classes. However, with so many different choices available in this area, it can be quite difficult to decide what it will be. This is especially true for those who may be starting out their education at a later age, or those who have been studying the subject for several years already.As an example, the choice of major can play a large role in determining which essay topic will be used to measure your success. Students in either the Humanities or Social Sciences major may find it helpful to take a look at these two major areas of study to see what may be suitable for them.Many students who decide to study in the Humanities will find it helpful to choose a special field in Modern English History. These students can benefit from classes such as Shakespeare, or more recent subjects such as Gender Studies, Gender and Sexualit y, etc. They may also enjoy classes that offer materials on the history of the Modern English Literature and the Modern English Dialect.Students in the other major field may choose to specialize in History, or else Medieval History. These students should consider focusing on topics like the Crusades, Medieval Medicine, the Church and the Court, English History and the Growth of the British Empire. There are even historical writing classes that focus on the development of The French Language.Whether you decide to take classes in Writing at the beginning of your career, or after, there are also many writing projects to choose from. For example, if you are studying History, you can look into areas such as Religion, Science, the Arts, Politics, Literature, and Literature. You can also look into topics such as Ancient Rome, the British Isles, British History, the Roman Empire, the Middle Ages, and Tudor History.Just because you are already an experienced student does not mean that you ca nnot find Writing as a subject for your Humanities or Social Science degree. For example, a student who is already well versed in the arts and Literature can use these skills in order to gain a better understanding of History, which he or she has only learned through one of the two major courses mentioned above. In fact, taking a combination of subjects, such as History, Religion, and Writing, can actually help you gain a deeper understanding of the subject itself.So, with so many different choices available in this area, and with so many different points of view as to how to best structure and write an essay sample, it is always wise to do some research and gathering before making any choices. For example, one must always think about how much time you will be able to devote to the subject. If you are already planning on taking classes in Humanities or Social Science, then it is highly suggested that you plan to devote at least three years to study the subject, while if you have bee n studying the subject for several years already, then it would be best to take at least one year of Arts or History to completely get a grasp of the subject.

Soccer and Camp Nou Essay Example

Soccer and Camp Nou Essay Soccer is globally the most popular sport in the world, so many footballers step into the pitch to create moments that will go down forever in history. Camp Nou is home to my favorite soccer team which is FC Barcelona and it is a place where I have witnessed many unforgettable moments. The Camp Nou is special to me because I witnessed one of the greatest moments in the sport at that location, which I will never forget. Even though I have never personally stepped on the Camp Nou, it is one of the most beautiful and inspiring scenes one could ever witness. Once you set your eyes on it you will become mesmerized and nothing can distract you from the game that is being played. The Camp Nou has so many details that one person cannot highlight all of them by themselves. To me, a soccer pitch is a place where I set my eyes on and it and every worry or stress that I had before is gone. School, friends, and stress all disappear from my mind after the game starts and all I can focus on are the 22 footballers giving everything for their club. The amount of people you see in the stands is breathtaking as they all come together to cheer or boo for their team. Spectating a game of soccer you just see fans surrounding the whole stadium and how each club has a song that the fans sing in the beginning and end of a game. It really is remarkable to see the players walk through the tunnel with each of them having a mascot, and seeing how these little kids look up to these players. A soccer stadium is more than a place where a sport is played but it is more so an environment where fans celebrate the greatness of a team or to watch miserably their team lose. In soccer, critics see how many goals you have scored at your club and rank you based off that, but in soccer there are so many elements that a player can contribute to his team. In order to score you have to kick the ball through the goal and honestly it is the first thing that catches my eye when Im We will write a custom essay sample on Soccer and Camp Nou specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Soccer and Camp Nou specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Soccer and Camp Nou specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

The 19th Century Bone Wars

The 19th Century Bone Wars When most people think of the Wild West, they picture Buffalo Bill, Jesse James, and caravans of settlers in covered wagons. But for paleontologists, the American west in the late 19th century conjures up one image above all: the enduring rivalry between two of this countrys greatest fossil hunters, Othniel C. Marsh and Edward Drinker Cope. The Bone Wars, as their feud became known, stretched from the 1870s well into the 1890s, and resulted in hundreds of new dinosaur findsnot to mention reams of bribery, trickery, and outright theft, as well get to later. (Knowing a good subject when it sees one, HBO recently announced plans for a movie version of the Bone Wars starring James Gandolfini and Steve Carell; sadly, Gandolfinis sudden death has put the project in limbo.) In the beginning, Marsh and Cope were cordial, if somewhat wary, colleagues, having met in Germany in 1864 (at the time, western Europe, not the United States, was at the forefront of paleontology research). Part of the trouble stemmed from their different backgrounds: Cope was born into a wealthy Quaker family in Pennsylvania, while Marshs family in upstate New York was comparatively poor (albeit with a very rich uncle, who enters the story later). Its probable that, even then, Marsh considered Cope a bit of a dilettante, not really serious about paleontology, while Cope saw Marsh as too rough and uncouth to be a true scientist. The Fateful Elasmosaurus Most historians trace the start of the Bone Wars to 1868, when Cope reconstructed a strange fossil sent to him from Kansas by a military doctor. Naming the specimen Elasmosaurus, he placed its skull on the end of its short tail, rather than its long neck (to be fair to Cope, to that date no had ever seen an aquatic reptile with such out-of-whack proportions). When he discovered this error, Marsh (as the legend goes) humiliated Cope by pointing it out in public, at which point Cope tried to buy (and destroy) every copy of the scientific journal in which he had published his incorrect reconstruction. This makes for a good storyand the fracas over Elasmosaurus certainly contributed to the enmity between the two menbut the Bone Wars likely started on a more serious note. Cope had discovered the fossil site in New Jersey that yielded the fossil of Hadrosaurus, named by the two mens mentor, the famous paleontologist Joseph Leidy. When he saw how many bones had yet to be recovered from the site, Marsh paid the excavators to send any interesting finds to him, rather than to Cope. Cope soon found out about this gross violation of scientific decorum, and the Bone Wars began in earnest. Into the West What kicked the Bone Wars into high gear was the discovery, in the 1870s, of numerous dinosaur fossils in the American west (some of these finds were made accidentally, during excavation work for the Transcontinental Railroad). In 1877, Marsh received a letter from Colorado schoolteacher Arthur Lakes, describing the saurian bones he had found during a hiking expedition; Lakes sent sample fossils to both Marsh and (because he didn’t know if Marsh was interested) Cope. Characteristically, Marsh paid Lakes $100 to keep his discovery a secretand when he discovered that Cope had been notified, dispatched an agent west to secure his claim. Around the same time, Cope was tipped off to another fossil site in Colorado, which Marsh tried (unsuccessfully) to horn in on. By this time, it was common knowledge that Marsh and Cope were competing for the best dinosaur fossilswhich explains the subsequent intrigues centered on Como Bluff, Wyoming. Using pseudonyms, two workers for the Union Pacific Railroad alerted Marsh to their fossil finds, hinting (but not stating explicitly) that they might strike a deal with Cope if Marsh didnt offer generous terms. True to form, Marsh dispatched another agent, who made the necessary financial arrangementsand soon the Yale-based paleontologist was receiving boxcars of fossils, including the first specimens of Diplodocus, Allosaurus and Stegosaurus. Word about this exclusive arrangement soon spreadnot least because the Union Pacific employees leaked the scoop to a local newspaper, exaggerating the prices Marsh had paid for the fossils in order to bait the trap for the wealthier Cope. Soon, Cope sent his own agent westward, and when these negotiations proved unsuccessful (possibly because he wasnt willing to pony up enough money), he instructed his prospector to engage in a bit of fossil-rustling and steal bones from the Como Bluff site, right under Marshs nose. Soon afterward, fed up with Marshs erratic payments, one of the railroad men began working for Cope instead, turning Como Bluff into the epicenter of the Bone Wars. By this time, both Marsh and Cope had relocated westward, and over the next few years engaged in such hijinks as deliberately destroying uncollected fossils and fossil sites (so as to keep them out of each others hands), spying on each others excavations, bribing employees, and even stealing bones outright. According to one account, workers on the rival digs once took time out from their labors to pelt each other with stones! Next Page: The Bone Wars Get Personal Cope and Marsh, Bitter Enemies to the Last By the 1880’s, it was clear that Othniel C. Marsh was winning the Bone Wars. Thanks to the support of his wealthy uncle, George Peabody (who lent his name to the Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History), Marsh could hire more employees and open more dig sites, while Edward Drinker Cope slowly but surely fell behind. It didnt help matters that other parties, including a team from Harvard University, now joined the dinosaur gold rush. Cope continued to publish numerous papers, but, like a political candidate taking the low road, Marsh made hay out of every tiny mistake he could find. Cope soon had his opportunity for revenge. In 1884, Congress began an investigation into the U.S. Geological Survey, which Marsh had been appointed the head of a few years before. Cope recruited a number of Marshs employees to testify against their boss (who wasnt the easiest person in the world to work for), but Marsh connived to keep their grievances out of the newspapers. Cope then upped the ante: drawing on a journal he had kept for two decades, in which he meticulously listed Marshs numerous felonies, misdemeanors and scientific errors, he supplied the information to a journalist for the New York Herald, which ran a sensational series about the Bone Wars. Marsh issued a rebuttal in the same newspaper, hurling similar accusations against Cope. In the end, this public airing of dirty laundry (and dirty fossils) didnt benefit either party. Marsh was asked to resign his lucrative position at the Geological Survey, and Cope, after a brief interval of success (he was appointed head of the National Association for the Advancement of Science), was beset by poor health and had to sell off portions of his hard-won fossil collection. By the time Cope died in 1897, both men had squandered their considerable fortunes. Characteristically, though, Cope prolonged the Bone Wars even from his grave. One of his last requests was that scientists dissect his head after his death to determine the size of his brain, which he was certain would be bigger than Marshs. Wisely, perhaps, Marsh declined the challenge, and to this day, Copes unexamined head rests in storage at the University of Pennsylvania. The Bone Wars: Let History Judge As tawdry, undignified, and out-and-out ridiculous as the Bone Wars occasionally were, they had a profound effect on American paleontology. In the same way competition is good for commerce, it can also be good for science: so eager were Othniel C. Marsh and Edward Drinker Cope to one-up each other that they discovered many more dinosaurs than if theyd merely engaged in a friendly rivalry. The final tally was truly impressive: Marsh discovered 80 new dinosaur genera and species, while Cope named a more-than-respectable 56. The fossils discovered by Marsh and Cope also helped to feed the American publics increasing hunger for new dinosaurs. Each major discovery was accompanied by a wave of publicity, as magazines and newspapers illustrated the latest amazing findsand the reconstructed skeletons slowly but surely made their way to major museums, where they still reside to the present day. You might say that popular interest in dinosaurs really began with the Bone Wars, though its arguable that it would have come about naturally, without all the bad feelings! The Bone Wars had a couple of negative consequences, as well. First, paleontologists in Europe were horrified by the crude behavior of their American counterparts, which left a lingering, bitter distrust that took decades to dissipate. And second, Cope and Marsh described and reassembled their dinosaur finds so quickly that they were occasionally careless. For example, a hundred years of confusion about Apatosaurus and Brontosaurus can be traced directly back to Marsh, who put a skull on the wrong bodythe same way Cope did with Elasmosaurus, the incident that started the Bone Wars in the first place!

SAM 451 UNIT 6 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

SAM 451 UNIT 6 - Assignment Example It is in this context that both these policies hold considerable significance in media interviewing for school-athletic teams. These policies also advocates the significance of conducting an informed interview with the athletic teams, after obtaining due permission from the concerned authoritative bodies. On a chronological note, the policy of obtaining formal consents from authoritative bodies can be argued as more time consuming than the second interview policy. Also, complexities arising during the obtainment of formal consents from the authoritative bodies and the coaches can be regarded as a setback of the policy measure. Accordingly, the policies of the school authority for different group of athletes may differ along with the different forms of reporting medium used in the interview process. For instance, some schools may allow a group of athletes to participate in television shows, while the other group might be only allowed to attend newspaper reporters and that too, in the presence of their coach. Hence, applicability of these policies differ from one another; although, the significance of either of these policies are unignorable (Bowl Championship Series, â€Å"Interview policies†; Helitzer). In comparison to the two interview policies selected, the policy of â€Å"Obtaining required permissions from the coaches of the teams and other authoritative bodies (if applicable)† can be considered as more preferable. It is fundamentally owing to the fact that this particular policy directs the effective completion of the interview process at every stage and also confirms integrity of the procedure, where the other interview policy of conveying the mode of interview and the medium of publication to the authoritative

Gambling Regulations among Different Sports Organizations Essay

Gambling Regulations among Different Sports Organizations - Essay Example Gambling has strong roots in the history as it could be found among the emperors of china 6000 years ago and common people who made betting their habit. Anthropologists have found evidences which prove gambling in the dark ages. Dice more than 4,000 years old have been discovered inside the Egyptian pyramids. Horse racing is more than 2,000 years old. The Christian bible contains a number of references of gambling which includes the roman soldiers "casting lots" (probably stones or shells) to divide up Jesus' clothes after his crucifixion. Nowadays the betting on sports is very common amongst the sports fans of all classes and nationality. Sport betting is generally the activity of predicting the results of a sports event by making a wager on the outcome of a sporting event. This kind of gambling is permitted in most of the civilized countries such as UK and USA. In United States, the professional and amateur sports protection act of 1994 has made betting and gambling illegal except for the states of Nevada, Oregon and Delaware. Despite of gambling's practice and long history, gambling is often considered a controversial issue with strong advocates on both sides. Legalized gambling authorities argue that for most people it is a harmless diversion which makes individuals, free to spend their money as they wish. The most common arguments are related to economic benefits, especially in poorer communities that use gambling to attract investments and jobs. Civilized cities and states can use legalized gambling to generate tax revenue that supports specific public services, such as education. Supporting jury of the fact, also argues that gambling attracts tourism, and that restrictions simply divert the potential tax revenues to illegal gambling operations where the practice is legal. According to the research, gamblers sometime turn to criminal and non ethical activities to support their habits. Violent crime rates can also rise in some cases when gambling is legalized. Corruption of government and law enforcement officials is another issue associated with gambling. The gambling industry often contributes heavily to political campaigns in the hopes of influencing legislation and expanding operations in those areas. Every issue has some pros & cons. some of the pros comprise that due to gambling a vital contribution of tax is generated for the national exchequer. If a state does not allow gambling then people may go else where, many people go to Las Vegas each year. New casinos are 'democratic'. The wealthy and aristocratic have always been able to gamble in exclusive clubs and casinos. Why not let ordinary people enjoy the same freedom. As per for the cons, new casinos are dragging people into addiction. Damage done to individuals and families by gambling addiction is catastrophic. Lives are ruined; everything possible should be done to discourage such a dangerous habit. there are many outlets already (some would argue too many) for people who like to bet - from betting shops on high streets to the national lottery and the football pools. Gaming is morally wrong and saps ambition. When gambling and money come to a sport, it ruins the glory and passion. When

Evilness beyond comprehension Essay Example for Free

Evilness beyond comprehension Essay This story depicts how a certain innocent person was condemned and was sentenced to death for a crime he did but with an innocent motive. The story goes on around a certain person’s life in a ship where he was said to be one of the crew. Billy as a character depicted in the story is a person whose innocence can not be changed into hatred for other people. Though his surrounding is full of people with evil motives, he is still into trusting them with full innocence. Evilness beyond comprehension Such evilness is beyond the main character’s understanding, and his being weak causes him to lose his sense of defending himself. With this state of the character’s condition, some people around him tend to abuse his weakness, such as the character which is depicted as an evil person in the story who’s Claggart. Claggart as an evil influence in the story caused Billy to use a brutal way to express Billy’s madness because he is speechless; Billy was then susceptible in making an attack due to the evil atmosphere on the ship. By Billy’s innocence, he was dragged to the wilderness of violence. It is beyond his comprehention that it is indeed the evil’s intention to ruin the goodness in his heart. Indeed the evilness had him offguard that had caused him to be condemned. The writer depicted his main character’s innocence as something to be really loved and liked by other people but also a personality which is something to be pitied about. Billy depicting Jesus Christ In simple but complex ways, the main character was said to be somehow depicting Jesus Christ’s sacrifice for the betterment of everyone. He was, as Jesus was condemned to death though they are both innocent. It is showed in the story that the main character’s innocence is really a great lost of its essence in the humankind; though it is said to be wrong depicting Christ’s figure in an ordinary man such as Billy who is said to be an unsound person. The distinction between the divine characters of Christ with that of Billy is that; Billy will not intentionally give up his life or sacrifice himself for other people’s good. On the contrary, Christ accepted being condemned to death for people in the world’s salvation. Another way in which the story of Billy could depict the story of Christ is the story when Pontius Pilate tends to wash his hand to show that he is not responsible for Christ condemnation. On the other hand in Billy’s story, Captain Vere pushed through the military view of law and condemned Billy because he was thinking about what his mates would think of him if he will not punish Billy with what they think would suit the latter for his crime. Both of the character who’s Pontius and Vere, are playing innocent for an unjust case. Between innocence and evil, the author depicted Claggart as the evil one, and goodness was depicted by Billy. The character of Billy in the story is paralleled to many of the bibbles characters and some of those are Adam which is said to be the first man who is born innocent in the world and was also presented as having the same figure of Christ. On the contrary, Claggart was depicted as characterized by evil wher he was paralleled to Satan’s characteristics and figures who motivated and/or influenced Billy to do evil. Billy died simply because he could not defend himself from the evilness that’s in this world, he could not understand the role of evil, and mostly he could not do any defense from evil because he don’t understand what is meant by being evil. Conflict after Billy’s death After Billy had been condemned, there had been a lot of conflicts that had happened after his execution; such as the Bellipotent engaging in a ship war where captain Vere died. The continuous spread of Billy’s story which had became a chronicle for the others, and mysteriously there were a continuous condemnation that happened to different ports in the manner that Billy was condemned. Themes There were themes considered in the story such as a certain Conscience Versus Law this was shown when captain Vere had a confusion of how to decide for Billy’s case. Captain Vere as a friend, he had difficulty on deciding what to do with Billy’s case because Billy was a dear friend to him but then Captain Vere’s responsibility as an authority caused him to sentence Billy for condemnation. After that, the captain was chased by the thoughts of Billy and was bothered by his own conscience because he know that he did not consider Billy’s reasons until he died and repeatedly uttered his friend’s name. Another one is a person’s Vulnerability of Innocence; the story was all about the main character’s innocence versus the evilness around him. It is said that innocence versus evilness is different from goodness versus evilness. Billy was a person who is innocent about almost everything which caused his weakness to do evil. He was a person who is morally weak and so naive about evilness because it is shown that evilness is beyond his comprehension. The story showed how Billy’s heart was corrupted and changed into evilness because he was unable to distinguish which is evil when he encountered it. The result is that he let alone violence to come out of him that caused him to kill Claggart unintentionally. Individual Versus Society is also considered as a theme of the story. In the story, the author tried to depict how the society pushed its forces for a certain person to be individually oppressed, that the society limits a certain person of his/her being as an individual. It is shown in the story when Captain Vere encountered difficulty dealing with Billy’s case; he had difficulty in considering what the society wants according to his obligation and what he feels. In deciding for the main characters condemnation, Captain Vere considered his obligation and followed what the law implies; hence he knows and feels that Billy is an innocent person by nature. He then as a leader by profession, pushed through to the jurors about Billy’s execution. It is depicted in the story how society dictates a certain person of how to decide, that their view is more important than that of a persons own view. Considered law The law is made by a constitution for all the people to follow in order to maintain a peacefull world to live in hence a law can still be bend or altered by the people who work on it such as jury and society. They can change law according to their own views and consideration thus it can also be altered through the views of others. One example of a circumstance in the story is when Captain Vere sentenced Billy to death though he knew to himself that Billy is innocent. He decided to condemn billy because hye was afraid of what other people would think if he considered Billy and gave him a simple punishment. The law which Billy’s case was considered was in a military law where the people who are considered as enemies are brutally punished. And that the law was very different from the law in which Billy was supposed to be considered; in a civilian law, where considerations to human were given. There are a lot of strategies and different views when it comes to law, but the best way in viewing law in which it is not considered in Billy’s case was seeking for a principle that would lead them into a just result to both sides. On the contrary, the law which is depicted in the story is really unjust. The loss of correct judgment of the law in the story was shown when Billy was condemned even without hearing his side of the story or considering his motive why he had done such crime. Billy’s justice was also deprived when the ship’s captain did not tell the true story about what had really happened, instead, he pushed the case through until poor Billy was sentenced death. In the context of the story, mercy came in when Billy’s death was given justice. It happened when the ship, Bellipotent, lost from a ship war and captain Vere was wounded and eventually did not survived. In the captain’s last minutes of his life, he was continuously murmuring Billy’s name. This only depicts that â€Å"evil ones who do not give justice are also not given justice in the end†. â€Å"Those who deprive other’s life are also deprived in life in the end†. What the story meant for the readers We can learn a lot of moral values in the story. We can learn in the story that innocence is indeed an admirable character hence it should not cover a person’s knowledge about evilness because it could cause a person to be easily influenced in doing evil. We can also learn from the story that innocence could cause a certain person weakness and vulnerability that could be the main cause for him/her to be deprived by others by his own life. Thesis This story only tends to show the readers how difficult it is to live in this world full of evil forcess thus a person like Billy is innocent about such thing. It depicts how a human would only suffer of his innocence in this kind of world. And that innocence is vulnerable to evilness and deprivation to life. as the character was deprived of his life due to his innocence and lack of comprehention about evilness. Also that the law which is supopsed to give justice; it is the one that deprives people by not considering a certain accused persons statement or side. The kind of law in the story is the one that manipulates a person to view the case in a right manner according to the true essence of justice (Melville, 1924). Works Cited Melville, H. (1924). Billy Budd [Electronic Version] from http://www. sparknotes. com/lit/billybudd/canalysis. html.